Flumazenil antidote4/4/2023 ![]() It is a structural analog to BAL (British Anti-Lewisite, dimercaprol) but has less potential to cause nephrotoxicity. Succimer is available as 100 milligram capsules. It has also been used to treat arsenic and mercury poisoning and does not bind iron, calcium or magnesium. Succimer (Chemet®, McNeil Consumer Products) is approved for the treatment of childhood lead poisoning. ![]() Continue to chelate until urine clears or until serum iron levels return to normal.ĭMSA (2,3-dimercaptosucinic acid, succimer) ![]() The deferoxamine-iron complex gives a salmon pink color to the urine ("vin rose"). The efficacy of deferoxamine can be increased by giving ascorbic acid after the gut has been cleared of iron. The IM route is preferred, as too rapid IV administration can cause hypotension and pulmonary edema. ![]() The extrapolated animal dose for iron toxicosis is 40 mg/kg, IM, every 4-8 hours. Deferoxamine is most effective within the first 24 hours, before the iron has been distributed to the tissues. Deferoxamine forms a chelate complex with free iron, which is then excreted in the urine and bile. It has been used off label to treat iron toxicosis in animals. In many cases, these antidotes have no real effect on the toxicant itself, but they lessen the severity of the clinical picture of the intoxicated patient.ĭeferoxamine (Desferal®, Ciba) is a chelating agent approved for use in humans for the treatment of acute iron poisoning, chronic iron overload and treatment of chronic aluminum overload in patients on chronic dialysis. Functional antidotes are agents that act on the symptoms of poisoning. Pharmacologic antidotes antagonize toxic agents at their receptor sites or through other macromolecules. Chemical antidotes act directly on the toxicant to make it less toxic and/or more readily excreted. Antidotes can be divided into three broad catagories: chemical antidotes, pharmacologic antidotes, and functional antidotes.
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